The tenth annual Free Russia Forum, the largest platform for Russia's opposition outside of the Russian Federation, got underway on Friday.
This year's forum is taking place online because of the epidemiological situation, the organisers said.
Garry Kasparov, one of Russia's opposition leaders, said in his opening speech that Vladimir Putin's regime is moving toward an increasingly open dictatorship.
He called on the forum's participants to set up a network of Russian expatriates and coordinate activities of various expatriate communities outside Russia.
Friday's programme includes various thematic discussions and a meeting of a task group to draw up the so-called Putin List of individuals deemed responsible for crimes committed by the regime.
The forum's participants plan to vote on including specific individuals into the list.
The two-day Free Russia Forum brings together well-known experts, politicians, activists, economists and journalists, including Kasparov, Gennady Gudkov, Arkady Babchenko, Leonid Gozman, Ariel Cohen and others.
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